Edward L. Barnard's Images
Title: Forest PathologistOrganization: Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services
Unit: Division of Forestry
Country: United States
| 301 Images of 72 Subjects | View Subject List | View Image Details | View Thumbnails |
| Image | Subject Name | Scientific Name | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1361156 | hispidus canker | Inonotus hispidus | large canker |
| 2733033 | Dutch elm disease | Ophiostoma ulmi | Initial flagging (yellowing) of branches in crown. |
| 2733034 | Dutch elm disease | Ophiostoma ulmi | small stem split to show vascular discoloration. |
| 4822001 | eucalyptus canker | Cryphonectria cubensis | canker |
| 4822021 | Hypoxylon cankers | Hypoxylon spp. | ascocarps sexual stage |
| 4822025 | Hypoxylon cankers | Hypoxylon spp. | Black canker patches on stem |
| 4822030 | Inonotus heartrot | Inonotus rickii | decay at branch stubs - note sap running |
| 4822031 | Inonotus heartrot | Inonotus rickii | Cushion/pad-like structure (an apparent sporocarp initial) at branch stub. Note sap running from decay site |
| 4822032 | Inonotus heartrot | Inonotus rickii | Advanced wood decay in branch. Note the distinct, narrow darkened zones of sound wood at the margins of the decayed wood, and the dark mass of sterile hyphae at the branch stub. |
| 4822033 | Inonotus heartrot | Inonotus rickii | Sap exudation ("bleeding")and associated bark staining at infected branch stub. |
| 4822034 | Inonotus heartrot | Inonotus rickii | Distinctive fructification of spores ("chain of spores"). |
| 4822035 | Inonotus heartrot | Inonotus rickii | Stem cross sections showing advanced wood decay. Note the distinct, narrow darkened zones of sound wood at the margins of the decayed wood. |
| 4822036 | Inonotus heartrot | Inonotus rickii | longitudinal stem section showing advanced wood decay. Note the distinct, narrow darkened zones of sound wood at the margins of the decayed wood.. |
| 4822037 | Inonotus heartrot | Inonotus rickii | Sap exudation and associated bark staining at infected branch stub. |
| 4822038 | Inonotus heartrot | Inonotus rickii | decay column in bole |
| 4822040 | Dutch elm disease | Ophiostoma ulmi | Foliage wilting, flagging (yellow), defoliation, and crown dieback |
| 4822041 | Dutch elm disease | Ophiostoma ulmi | trees killed along road in Vermont, USA |
| 4822042 | Fusarium wilt | Fusarium oxysporum | Thinning crown of infected tree |
| 4822043 | Fusarium wilt | Fusarium oxysporum | Distinctive pale to dark brown (sometimes with a purplish hue)staining or discoloration of the xylem. This soil borne fungus enters the roots by direct penetration or through root wounds during transplanting/landscape maintance, or vectored by feeding injury caused by plant parastic nematodes. Once inside a susceptible host, the fungus enters the xylem and colonizes the vascular system restricting water flow. |
| 4822044 | Fusarium wilt | Fusarium oxysporum | fungi in agar plate |
| 4822045 | bacterial leaf scorch | Xylella fastidiosa | Fastidious xylem-inhabiting bacterium which occludes vascular tissue as it develops in the host. Symptoms characteristically develop from bottom of the tree upward and inside of crown outward. Older leaves will have a "scorched" curled appearance while younger leaves at branch tips will appear healthy. |
| 4822046 | bacterial leaf scorch | Xylella fastidiosa | Fastidious xylem-inhabiting bacterium which occludes vascular tissue as it develops in the host. Symptoms characteristically develop from bottom of the tree upward and inside of crown outward. Older leaves will have a "scorched" curled appearance while younger leaves at branch tips will appear healthy. |
| 4822047 | bacterial leaf scorch | Xylella fastidiosa | Fastidious xylem-inhabiting bacterium which occludes vascular tissue as it develops in the host. Symptoms characteristically develop from bottom of the tree upward and inside of crown outward. Older leaves will have a "scorched" curled appearance while younger leaves at branch tips will appear healthy. |
| 4822048 | bacterial leaf scorch | Xylella fastidiosa | Fastidious xylem-inhabiting bacterium which occludes vascular tissue as it develops in the host. Symptomatic tree with crown dieback, premature leaf abcission, chlorotic and "scorched" foliage. |
| 4822049 | bacterial leaf scorch | Xylella fastidiosa | Fastidious xylem-inhabiting bacterium which occludes vascular tissue as it develops in the host. Leaves developing "scorched" appearance. |
| 4822050 | bacterial leaf scorch | Xylella fastidiosa | Early leaf symptoms development of Fastidious xylem-inhabiting bacterium which occludes vascular tissue as it develops in the host. |
| 4822051 | bacterial leaf scorch | Xylella fastidiosa | healthy tree & trees infected with Fastidious xylem-inhabiting bacterium which occludes vascular tissue as it develops in the host. |
| 4822052 | mistletoes | Phoradendron spp. | Globose clumps established in tree crown as seen in winter. |
| 4822053 | mistletoes | Phoradendron spp. | clumps developing in tree crown |
| 4822054 | mistletoes | Phoradendron spp. | closeup of foliage clump growing from host tree |
| 4822055 | pitch canker | Fusarium subglutinans | Mortality ("flagging") of infected terminal/branch shoots in mature trees |
| 4822056 | pitch canker | Fusarium subglutinans | Severe mortality ("flagging") of infected terminal/branch shoots in mature trees |
| 4822057 | pitch canker | Fusarium subglutinans | Mortality ("flagging") of terminal shoot |
| 4822058 | pitch canker | Fusarium subglutinans | Mortality of upper main stem |
| 4822059 | pitch canker | Fusarium subglutinans | Internal resin impregnation of infected xylem tissue |
| 4822062 | ash rusts | Puccinia sparganioides | Leaf distortion, petiole hypertrophy and distinctive pycnia and aecial "cluster cup" with orange-yellow aeciospores proliferating from the surface of infected tissue. |
| 4822063 | ash rusts | Puccinia sparganioides | Leaf distortion, petiole hypertrophy and distinctive pycnia and aecial "cluster cup" with orange-yellow aeciospores proliferating from the surface of infected tissue. |
| 4822064 | ash rusts | Puccinia sparganioides | distinctive pycnia and aecial "cluster cup" with orange-yellow aeciospores proliferating from the surface of infected tissue. |
| 4822065 | ash rusts | Puccinia sparganioides | Closeup of distinctive pycnia and aecial "cluster cup" with orange-yellow aeciospores proliferating from the surface of infected tissue. |
| 4822066 | lichen | Strigula smaragdula | Green-orange algal spots or "green scruf" on leaf surface. The grayish-white and darker "crusts" are lichens of the genus Strigula resulting from fungal colonization of the alga. Plant host is southern magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora L.). |
| 4822067 | Ectomycorrhizae | Thelephora terrestris | Sporophores in nursery bed. |
| 4822069 | powdery mildew | Microsphaera penicillata | Initial infection (left) appears as raised circular areas on the leaves covered with powdery white fungus cells which can spread over leaf surface (right). |
| 4822070 | powdery mildew | Microsphaera penicillata | cleistothecium with white branched appendages which produce ascospores |
| 4822071 | Phomopsis blight | Phomopsis juniperivora | characteristic dicoloration (graying) and curling of infected shoot tips |
| 4822073 | Phomopsis blight | Phomopsis juniperivora | fruiting bodies |
| 4822074 | pine needle rusts | Coleosporium spp. | Yellow-orange fissures develop in late spring on infected needles. |
| 4822075 | pine needle rusts | Coleosporium spp. | Aecia on needles |
| 4822076 | pine needle rusts | Coleosporium spp. | Aeciospores which are wind dissminated from the pine needles to the alternate aster or goldenrod host |
| 4822077 | Phytophthora basal canker | Phytophthora palmivora | Basal canker (6 feet off the ground) with dark staining and discoloration of infected bark. Naples, Florida, USA |
| 4822078 | Phytophthora basal canker | Phytophthora palmivora | Droplets of discolored sap exuding from infected bark tissues. |
| 4822079 | Phytophthora basal canker | Phytophthora palmivora | zone line between infected vs. uninfected bark |
| 4822080 | Phytophthora basal canker | Phytophthora palmivora | Distinctive coffee-brown or dark rusty reddish-brown to black discoloration of bark. |
| 4822081 | Phytophthora basal canker | Phytophthora palmivora | diagnostic culture from infected tree |
| 4822082 | Phytophthora basal canker | Phytophthora palmivora | canker initially 30 inches off ground, 6 months later - 11 feet off ground as infection progresses into tree stem and scaffold branches |
| 4822083 | Neonectria canker | Neonectria galligena | Burlike galls |
| 4822084 | Neonectria canker | Neonectria galligena | Red-orange perithecia occur singly or in clusters in the fissured bark tissue of infected trees |
| 4822085 | Botryosphaeria canker | Botryosphaeria dothidea | crown thinning and dieback |
| 4822086 | Botryosphaeria canker | Botryosphaeria dothidea | advanced symptoms and damage. |
| 4822087 | Botryosphaeria canker | Botryosphaeria dothidea | note the discoloration on vascular tissue, 3/4 dead. Only the light-colored section is alive. |
| 4822088 | Neonectria canker | Neonectria galligena | Distinctive "target-like" canker in stem |
| 4822089 | Neonectria canker | Neonectria galligena | Red-orange spherical perithecia wich occur singly or in clusters in the fissured bark of infected stems |
| 4822090 | Neonectria canker | Neonectria galligena | Red-orange spherical perithecia wich occur singly or in clusters in the fissured bark of infected stems |
| 4822091 | orange hobnail canker | Cryphonectria gyrosa | On roots exposed at soil surface and damaged from traffic, yard maintenance etc. |
| 4822092 | orange hobnail canker | Cryphonectria gyrosa | On roots exposed at soil surface and damaged from traffic, yard maintenance etc. |
| 4822093 | Armillaria root rot | Armillaria tabescens | Clusters of sporocarps on roots of infected trees appear in the fall of the year |
| 4822094 | Armillaria root rot | Armillaria tabescens | Clusters of sporocarps on roots of infected trees appear in the fall of the year. Note gills on underside. |
| 4822095 | Armillaria root rot | Armillaria tabescens | Mycelial white felt on roots, water soaking, "s" zone line |
| 4822096 | Armillaria root rot | Armillaria tabescens | Mycelial felt on roots |
| 4822097 | Armillaria root rot | Armillaria tabescens | Mycelial felt on roots and water soaking of xylem tissue. |
| 4822098 | Armillaria root rot | Armillaria tabescens | Mycelial felt on roots and water soaking of xylem tissue. |
| 4822099 | Armillaria root rot | Armillaria tabescens | Mycelial felt on base of stem of India Rosewood |
| 4822100 | orange hobnail canker | Cryphonectria gyrosa | Thinning crown in infected tree where roots are exposed at soil surface from traffic & maintenance. Lake Wales, Florida USA |
| 4823001 | Armillaria root rot | Armillaria tabescens | Dead trees at Jonathan Dickinson State Park, Florida USA |
| 4823002 | Armillaria root rot | Armillaria tabescens | Infected trees on Jonathan Dickinson State Park, Florida USA |
| 4823003 | Armillaria root rot | Armillaria tabescens | Clusters of sporocarps on roots of infected trees appear in the fall of the year near host pine. FL Forestry |
| 4823004 | Inonotus canker | Inonotus ludovicianus | Infected tree in Santa Rosa County Florida USA |
| 4823005 | Ganoderma root and butt rot | Ganoderma lucidum | thinning crown of infected tree |
| 4823006 | Ganoderma root and butt rot | Ganoderma lucidum | base of tree with conk |
| 4823007 | Ganoderma root and butt rot | Ganoderma lucidum | note construction damage |
| 4823008 | Ganoderma root and butt rot | Ganoderma lucidum | Shiny, mahogany-red bracket-like (non-stalked) conks. Note mechanical damage to trunk. |
| 4823009 | Ganoderma root and butt rot | Ganoderma lucidum | young (immature) sporophore. Note pure white cap and yellowish stalk. |
| 4823010 | Ganoderma root and butt rot | Ganoderma lucidum | Mature sporophore removed from infected stem. Note the white underside of the conk. |
| 4823011 | Ganoderma root and butt rot | Ganoderma lucidum | on roots of infected tree in yard |
| 4823012 | Ganoderma root and butt rot | Ganoderma lucidum | on roots of infected tree in yard |
| 4823013 | Ganoderma root and butt rot | Ganoderma lucidum | Spores on top of fruiting bodies. Note ferns growing under trees. The trees provide shade for the commercial fern production but cultivation of the soil causes root damage and infection. |
| 4823014 | Ganoderma root and butt rot | Ganoderma lucidum | Note ferns growing under trees. The trees provide shade for the commercial fern production but cultivation of the soil causes root damage and infection. |
| 4823015 | red heart of pine | Phellinus pini | Sporophore on the stem of an old-growth tree. (see image ). |
| 4823016 | hispidus canker | Inonotus hispidus | Old and new fruiting conks and canker. As the pathogen invades and kills the cambium, conspicuous callus folds develop at the canker margins resulting in the characteristic elongate, swollen appearance of the canker. |
| 4823017 | hispidus canker | Inonotus hispidus | Old dark colored conk at base of tree |
| 4823018 | Inonotus heartrot | Inonotus rickii | Advanced wood decay. Note the distinct, narrow darkened zones of sound wood at the martgins of the decayed wood. |
| 4823019 | Inonotus heartrot | Inonotus rickii | Decayed wood in center exhibiting typical yellow-brown to white color and is seperated from sound wood by a distinct zone of dark-stained wood. |
| 4823020 | Armillaria root rots | Armillaria spp. | An unknown A. spp. exhibiting rarely formed rhizomorphs. |
| 4823021 | frost and winter injury (general) | Christmas freeze in Florida USA | |
| 4823022 | frost and winter injury (general) | bark fissure from freeze | |
| 4823023 | frost and winter injury (general) | resprouts on freeze-damaged stems | |
| 4823024 | frost and winter injury (general) | sprouting from damaged stems | |
| 4823025 | frost and winter injury (general) | bark fissure | |
| 4823026 | bacterial wetwood | Erwinia nimipressuralis | Symptomatic discolored bark. A branch scar is the "source" of the slime flux. |
| 4823027 | brown spot needle blight of pine | Mycosphaerella dearnessii | Extensive patches in nursery beds |
| 4823028 | brown spot needle blight of pine | Mycosphaerella dearnessii | Grass stage seedling damaged by infection. |
| 4823029 | brown spot needle blight of pine | Mycosphaerella dearnessii | Normal-uninfected grass stage seedling. |
| 4823030 | brown spot needle blight of pine | Mycosphaerella dearnessii | severe infection |
| 4823031 | brown spot needle blight of pine | Mycosphaerella dearnessii | Typical brown spots on infected needles. |
| 4823032 | brown spot needle blight of pine | Mycosphaerella dearnessii | typical lesions |
| 4823033 | brown spot needle blight of pine | Mycosphaerella dearnessii | needle lesions with linear black perithecial stromata developing in the necrotic areas |
| 4823034 | brown spot needle blight of pine | Mycosphaerella dearnessii | Infected older foliage of grass stage seedling. New needles at top of plant are not yet infected. |
| 4823035 | crown gall | Agrobacterium tumefaciens | gall on seedling stem. Chiefland Forest Nursery, Florida USA |
| 4823036 | crown gall | Agrobacterium tumefaciens | Gall on stem. Chiefland Forest Nursery, Florida USA |
| 4823037 | crown gall | Agrobacterium tumefaciens | Gall on stem. Chiefland Forest Nursery, Florida USA |
| 4823038 | cedar-apple rust | Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae | Fresh telial horns produced on mature second-year galls during moist conditons in spring and early summer. |
| 4823039 | cedar-apple rust | Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae | Inactive reddish-brown/dark brown second-year galls. Telia horns will develop during moist conditions in spring and early summer see image 4823038). |
| 4823040 | quince rust | Gymnosporangium clavipes | |
| 4823041 | quince rust | Gymnosporangium clavipes | Telia sporulation. |
| 4823042 | juniper witches' broom rust | Gymnosporangium nidus avis | Swelling and telia sporulation on infected branch. |
| 4823043 | pitch canker | Fusarium subglutinans | "Flagging" of infected terminal |
| 4823044 | southern cone rust | Cronartium strobilinum | Infected first-year conelets swell rapidly by April and are often three to four times larger than disease-free cones. Infected conelet - left, normal conelet - right. |
| 4823045 | southern cone rust | Cronartium strobilinum | Infected first-year conelets swell rapidly by April and are often three to four times larger than disease-free cones. Note bright yellow aeciospores forming on the large infected cone on the right. |
| 4823046 | southern cone rust | Cronartium strobilinum | Infected swollen first year cone displaying powdery masses of yellow-orange aeciospores |
| 4823047 | southern cone rust | Cronartium strobilinum | Swollen infected first year cones with yellow-orange masses of aeciospores |
| 4823048 | southern cone rust | Cronartium strobilinum | infected cone with yellow-orange aeciospore masses (top) and normal green cone (bottom) |
| 4823049 | pitch canker | Fusarium subglutinans | resin oozing from infected stem |
| 4823052 | eastern pine gall rust | Cronartium quercuum | Distinct spherical (globose) swelling. The bright yellow spore sacs (aecia) which contain masses of yellow to orange aeciospores form in the spring. |
| 4823053 | eastern pine gall rust | Cronartium quercuum | Spherical gall with yellow aecia spore sacs. |
| 4823055 | pine needle cast | Lophodermella cerina | Hysterothecia are small (1-2 mm), black elongated fruting bodies which produce ascospores. |
| 4823056 | pine needle cast | Lophodermella cerina | Hysterothecia, small (1-2 mm), black elongated fruting bodies which produce ascospores, on necrotic needles. Also present are the smaller conidiomata. |
| 4823057 | Lophodermium needle casts | Lophodermium spp. | Severe infection. |
| 4823058 | Lophodermium needle casts | Lophodermium spp. | Healthy trees (left), severe infection (center), moderate infection (right). |
| 4823059 | pine needle cast | Lophodermella cerina | Ascomata (hysterothecia) on infected needle. |
| 4823060 | pitch canker | Fusarium subglutinans | Deodar weevil vectors pitch canker by boring holes into stems to lay eggs. |
| 4823061 | pitch canker | Fusarium subglutinans | Deodar weevil chip cocoon in sapwood. Pitch canker is vectored by adults feeding on shoots and boring into stem to lay eggs. |
| 4823062 | Rhizina root disease | Rhizina undulata | Following a recent wildfire. |
| 4823063 | Rhizina root disease | Rhizina undulata | Following recent wildfire |
| 4823064 | Rhizosphaera needle cast | Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii | Conidiomata emerging from stomatal pores of a necrotic needle. |
| 4823065 | Ganoderma butt rot of palm | Ganoderma zonatum | Mature conk at base of palm tree. |
| 4823066 | Leptographium root disease | Leptographium procerum | Various insects feeding on roots vector infection. Resin-impregnated soil crusts form at feeding or boring sites. Xylem becomes resin "soaked". |
| 4823067 | Leptographium root disease | Leptographium procerum | Fungi culture |
| 4823068 | Leptographium root disease | Leptographium procerum | Fungi culture |
| 4823069 | ectomycorrhizae | Pisolithus tinctorius | Sporocarp in bareroot nursery bed. Munson Forest Nursery, Florida USA |
| 4823070 | ectomycorrhizae | Pisolithus tinctorius | Typical sporophore (left) and mycorrhizal roots. Munson Forest Nursery. Florida USA |
| 4823071 | sand pine root disease | Resin leakage at base of tree. Caused by a complex of fungi (Inonotus circinatus, Phytophthora cinnamomi, Phaeolus schweinitzii, Verticicladiella procera, Armillariella tabescens, Heterobasidion annosum). | |
| 4823072 | sand pine root disease | Sand Pine Root Disease. Typical sporophores (conks) of Inonotus circinatus (Fr.) R.L. Gilbertson at the base of a mature tree. This is one of a complex of fungi (Inonotus circinatus, Phytophthora cinnamomi, Phaeolus schweinitzii, Verticicladiella procera, Armillariella tabescens, Heterobasidion annosum) that cause Sand Pine Root Disease. | |
| 4823073 | sand pine root disease | Resin soaked wood caused by a complex of fungi (Inonotus circinatus, Phytophthora cinnamomi, Phaeolus schweinitzii, Verticicladiella procera, Armillariella tabescens, Heterobasidion annosum). | |
| 4823074 | sand pine root disease | resin leaking from trunk caused by a complex of fungi (Inonotous circinatus, Phytophthora cinnamomi, Phaeolus schweinitzii, Verticicladiella procera, Armillariella tabescens, Heterobasidion annosum). | |
| 4823075 | sand pine root disease | Old growth tree kiled by Inonotus circinatus (Fr.) R.L. Gilbertson. One of the complex of fungi (I. circinatus, Phytophthora cinnamomi, Phaeolus schweinitzii, Verticicladiella procera, Armillariella tabescens, Heterobasidion annosum) that cause Sand Pine Root Disease. | |
| 4823076 | sand pine root disease | Old growth tree kiled by Inonotus circinatus (Fr.) R.L. Gilbertson. One of the complex of fungi (I. circinatus, Phytophthora cinnamomi, Phaeolus schweinitzii, Verticicladiella procera, Armillariella tabescens, Heterobasidion annosum) that cause Sand Pine Root Disease. | |
| 4823077 | Phytophthora root rot | Phytophthora cinnamomi | Mortality of first-year seedlings in Munson Forest Nursery, Florida, USA |
| 4823078 | Phytophthora root rot | Phytophthora cinnamomi | Roots of infected nursery seedlings. Note the lack of short lateral roots and presence of black, necrotic and sloughing cortical tissues. |
| 4823079 | Phytophthora root rot | Phytophthora cinnamomi | Mortality in four year old plantation. |
| 4823080 | Phytophthora root rot | Phytophthora cinnamomi | Poor seed bed drainage can increase infection risk. |
| 4823081 | Phytophthora root rot | Phytophthora cinnamomi | Mortality of 2-0 stock in Munson Forest Nursery, Florida, USA |
| 4823082 | Phytophthora root rot | Phytophthora cinnamomi | Resin caked roots of infected seedlings in the field. |
| 4823083 | Phytophthora root rot | Phytophthora cinnamomi | Resin-soaked tap root of seedling infected during its first year in the field. |
| 4823084 | red root and butt rot | Inonotus circinatus | Old growth trees kiled by Inonotus circinatus (Fr.) R.L. Gilbertson. One of the complex of fungi (Inonotus circinatus, Phytophthora cinnamomi, Phaeolus schweinitzii, Verticicladiella procera, Armillariella tabescens, Heterobasidion annosum) that cause Sand Pine Root Disease. |
| 4823085 | Phytophthora root rot | Phytophthora cinnamomi | Mortality of 2-0 bareroot stock in Munson Forest Nursery, Florida, USA. |
| 4823086 | Phytophthora root rot | Phytophthora cinnamomi | Healthy tree (left), infected tree (right). |
| 4823087 | Phytophthora root rot | Phytophthora cinnamomi | Yellowing foliage of infected tree. |
| 4823088 | Phytophthora root rot | Phytophthora cinnamomi | 13-year old trees: Fading tree (left), dead tree (center), healthy treee (right). |
| 4823089 | Phytophthora root rot | Phytophthora cinnamomi | Resin soaked tissue. |
| 4823090 | annosum root disease | Heterobasidion annosum | Thinning crown of infected tree (center) |
| 4823091 | annosum root disease | Heterobasidion annosum | Stand mortality. |
| 4823092 | annosum root disease | Heterobasidion annosum | Wind throw of infected trees. |
| 4823093 | annosum root disease | Heterobasidion annosum | Basidioma (beneath knife blade) at base of infected tree exposed by removal of duff/litter layer. Note irregular shape and whiteish undersurface. |
| 4823094 | annosum root disease | Heterobasidion annosum | Small bracket-like basidiomata (right of pen)at base of infected stump. Note brownish upper surfaces and white margins /undersurfaces. |
| 4823095 | annosum root disease | Heterobasidion annosum | Resin-soaked root xylem. |
| 4823096 | annosum root disease | Heterobasidion annosum | 3/4 of vascular tissue resin soaked (note discoloration). |
| 4823097 | annosum root disease | Heterobasidion annosum | Incipient resinosis with associated clump of resin-impregnated soil around infected root. |
| 4823098 | annosum root disease | Heterobasidion annosum | White stringy rot ("shredded wheat") indicative of advanced infection. |
| 4823099 | annosum root disease | Heterobasidion annosum | Crown symptoms: Dead trees (left), fading trees (right). |
| 4823100 | red root and butt rot | Inonotus circinatus | A major pathogen of older (greater than 20 years) sand pines in both planted and natural stands. Decayed wood and roots exhibit reddish to red-brown discoloration and eventually a rot flecked with small elliptical white pockets. |
| 4824001 | red root and butt rot | Inonotus circinatus | A major pathogen of older (greater than 20 years) sand pines in both planted and natural stands. Decayed wood and roots exhibit reddish to red-brown discoloration and eventually a rot flecked with small elliptical white pockets. |
| 4824002 | Phytophthora root rot | Phytophthora cinnamomi | Mortality in 13-year old stand. |
| 4824003 | Phytophthora root rot | Phytophthora cinnamomi | Mortality in 4-year old stand |
| 4824004 | black senna | Seymeria cassiodies | Growing near the base of a 6-year old pine, the yellow-flowered Senna attaches to and draws water and nutrients from the roots of the host pine. |
| 4824005 | black senna | Seymeria cassiodies | A root parasite of southern pines |
| 4824006 | black senna | Seymeria cassiodies | Closeup of foliage, flower buds and a single yellow flower. A root parasite of southern pine. |
| 4824007 | black senna | Seymeria cassiodies | Seed capsules. Senna is a root parasite of southern pines. |
| 4824008 | black senna | Seymeria cassiodies | Six-year old seedlings damaged in Washington County Florida. Note stunted growth, chlorotic foliage, tufting of needles in stem terminals and tree mortality. |
| 4824009 | black senna | Seymeria cassiodies | A root parasite of southern pine. Haustorial attachment on pine root. |
| 4824010 | black senna | Seymeria cassiodies | A root parasite of southern pine. Senna plant on right of photo, damaged host pine on left. |
| 4824011 | nursery operations | Container production in Florida, USA | |
| 4824012 | Cylindrocladium root diseases | Cylindrocladium spp. | Damaged seedlings infected with C. floridanum. Lack of aeration as foliage mats (or lays down) down causes disease to spread across tray. |
| 4824013 | Cylindrocladium root diseases | Cylindrocladium spp. | Damaged seedlings infected with C. floridanum. Lack of aeration as foliage mats (or lays down) down causes disease to spread across tray. |
| 4824014 | Cylindrocladium root diseases | Cylindrocladium spp. | Damaged seedlings infected with C. floridanum. Lack of aeration as foliage mats (or lays down) down causes disease to spread across tray. |
| 4824015 | Cylindrocladium root diseases | Cylindrocladium spp. | Healthy seedling (right) & seedling infected with C. floridanum (left). |
| 4824016 | seedling blight of longleaf pine | Ceratobasidium spp. | A binucleate Rhizoctonia solani-like fungus. Similar to R. solani but with binucleate hyphal cells. Initial symptoms appear as water-soaking and chlorosis of needle bases. |
| 4824017 | Cylindrocladium root diseases | Cylindrocladium spp. | Orange calinectria of C. floridanum |
| 4824018 | Cylindrocladium root diseases | Cylindrocladium spp. | Orange calinectria of C. floridanum |
| 4824019 | longleaf pine | Pinus palustris | Beds after top clipping. Note clipped foliage in alleys. |
| 4824020 | Rhizoctonia damping-off, blight and rot | Rhizoctonia solani | Infection centers in beds |
| 4824021 | Rhizoctonia damping-off, blight and rot | Rhizoctonia solani | Infection center in bed. |
| 4824022 | Rhizoctonia damping-off, blight and rot | Rhizoctonia solani | Infections occur on seedlings in sandy soils as sand, washed by rain and irrigation ("sand splash"), accumulates at the base of the seedlings, creating a microenvironment of reduced aeration and increased relative humidity which favors infection. |
| 4824023 | Rhizoctonia damping-off, blight and rot | Rhizoctonia solani | Infections occur on seedlings in sandy soils as sand, washed by rain and irrigation ("sand splash"), accumulates at the base of the seedlings, creating a microenvironment of reduced aeration and increased relative humidity which favors infection. |
| 4824025 | seedling blight of longleaf pine | Ceratobasidium spp. | Teliomorph sexual stage foliage |
| 4824026 | Diplodia tip blights | Diplodia spp. | D. pini causing branch flagging. |
| 4824027 | Diplodia tip blights | Diplodia spp. | D. pini causing a resinous stem canker |
| 4824028 | Diplodia tip blights | Diplodia spp. | D. pini. Note resin soaked tissue beneath bark. |
| 4824029 | seedling blight of longleaf pine | Ceratobasidium spp. | Seedlings infected with a binucleate Rhizoctonia-like fungus. (Right to left) Asymptomatic, uninfected; early necrosis of needle bases and slight discoloration of terminal bud tissues; advanced necrosis of needle bases with developing bud necrosis; complete necrosis of terminal bud. |
| 4824030 | Caliciopsis canker | Caliciopsis pinea | Stem canker |
| 4824031 | Caliciopsis canker | Caliciopsis pinea | Stem canker with bark removed. |
| 4824032 | pitch canker | Fusarium subglutinans | Dieback of infected seedling. |
| 4824033 | pitch canker | Fusarium subglutinans | Infected seedlings: (Right to left) basal swelling at root collar; clump of resin-soaked soil on root collar; resin-soaked root/stem lesion. |
| 4824034 | pitch canker | Fusarium subglutinans | Mortality in first year planted stand |
| 4824035 | pitch canker | Fusarium subglutinans | Roots of infected seedling caked with resin & sand. See image 4824036. |
| 4824036 | pitch canker | Fusarium subglutinans | Infected seedling with resin-soaked root xylem. See image 4824035. |
| 4824037 | pitch canker | Fusarium subglutinans | "Flagging" or dieback of terminal shoots of infected seedlings. |
| 4824038 | charcoal rot | Macrophomina phaseolina | Late summer infection with seedlings exhibiting stunted growth, off-color foliage, wilting and/or redding foliage. |
| 4824039 | charcoal rot | Macrophomina phaseolina | Black microsclerotia on outer sufrace of root xylem tissue (top), and on inner surface of bark (bottom). |
| 4824040 | charcoal rot | Macrophomina phaseolina | Black microselerotia and orange pycnidia on xylem tissue of infected seedling. |
| 4824041 | whitefringed beetles | Nuapactus spp. | Below ground larvae (grub) feeding damage. |
| 4824042 | whitefringed beetles | Nuapactus spp. | Larva (grub) feeding on root. |
| 4824043 | whitefringed beetles | Nuapactus spp. | Larva or grub which feeds on roots. |
| 4824044 | whitefringed beetles | Nuapactus spp. | Scalping to remove a thin layer of thatch and topsoil to reduce larvae populations prior to planting. |
| 4824045 | whitefringed beetles | Nuapactus spp. | Non-scalped check plot in Whitefinged beetle larvae control study. End of first growing season. Compare to image 4824046 |
| 4824046 | whitefringed beetles | Nuapactus spp. | Scalped plot in Whitefinged beetle larvae control study. End of first growing season. Compare to image 4824045 |
| 4824047 | whitefringed beetles | Nuapactus spp. | Scalped plot (center) with non-scalped check plots on each side in Whitefinged beetle larvae control study. End of first growing season. See images 4824045-46 |
| 4824048 | whitefringed beetles | Nuapactus spp. | Scalping prior to planting to reduce larvae populations. |
| 4824049 | whitefringed beetles | Nuapactus spp. | Scalped plot (left), non-scalped check plot (right) in Whitefinged beetle larvae control study. In third growing season. See images 4824045-46 |
| 4824050 | whitefringed beetles | Nuapactus spp. | Scalped plot (left), non-scalped check plot (right)in Whitefinged beetle larvae control study. In third growing season. |
| 4824051 | whitefringed beetles | Nuapactus spp. | Female. Larvae feed on seedling roots. |
| 4824052 | whitefringed beetles | Nuapactus spp. | Sweep net survey - adults collected on agricultural fields planted to pines following peanut production. |
| 4824053 | charcoal rot | Macrophomina phaseolina | Infected seedlings in nursery bed. |
| 4824054 | charcoal rot | Macrophomina phaseolina | Wilting and reddening foliage of infected seedlings. |
| 4824055 | charcoal rot | Macrophomina phaseolina | Off-colered foliage of infected seedling. |
| 4824056 | charcoal rot | Macrophomina phaseolina | Subcortical microsclerotia on outer surface of xylem tissue beneather bark. |
| 4824057 | charcoal rot | Macrophomina phaseolina | Soil populations of M. phaseolina related to crop history. |
| 4824058 | charcoal rot | Macrophomina phaseolina | Soil populations of M. phaseolina following soybean cropping history. |
| 4824059 | charcoal rot | Macrophomina phaseolina | Wilting and discoloration of infected seedlings. |
| 4824060 | seedling blight of longleaf pine | Ceratobasidium spp. | A Rhizoctonia solani-like binucleate fungus. Seedling mortality in infection center. |
| 4824061 | seedling blight of longleaf pine | Ceratobasidium spp. | A Rhizoctonia solani-like binucleate fungus. Seedling mortality in infection center. |
| 4824062 | Rhizoctonia damping-off, blight and rot | Rhizoctonia solani | Wilted and discolored infected seedlings. |
| 4824063 | seedling blight of longleaf pine | Ceratobasidium spp. | Seedlings infected with a binucleate Rhizoctonia-like fungus. (Right to left) Asymptomatic, uninfected; early necrosis of needle bases and slight discoloration of terminal bud tissues; advanced necrosis of needle bases with developing bud necrosis; complete necrosis of terminal bud. |
| 4824064 | Rhizoctonia damping-off, blight and rot | Rhizoctonia solani | Loss of lower foliage on infected seedlings. |
| 4824065 | Rhizoctonia damping-off, blight and rot | Rhizoctonia solani | Foliage discoloration and loss on infected seedling. |
| 4824066 | fusiform rust | Cronartium quercuum f.sp. fusiforme | Galls at seedling root-collar. |
| 4824067 | Phomopsis blight | Phomopsis juniperivora | Infected seedlings in nursery bed. |
| 4824068 | Phomopsis blight | Phomopsis juniperivora | Discolored foliage of infected seedlings. |
| 4824069 | brown spot needle blight of pine | Mycosphaerella dearnessii | Initial infection spot developing in nursery bed. |
| 4824070 | brown spot needle blight of pine | Mycosphaerella dearnessii | Multiple infection spots spreading across nursery beds. |
| 4824071 | heat | Groundline heat lesions on young seedlings occur from high groundline temperatures. Damaging groundline temperature is related to ambient air temperature, groundline insolation, soil moisture, and the color of the soil surface. | |
| 4824072 | heat | Groundline heat lesions on young seedlings occur from high groundline temperatures. Damaging groundline temperature is related to ambient air temperature, groundline insolation, soil moisture, and the color of the soil surface. | |
| 4824073 | heat | Groundline heat lesion on a young seedling resulting from high groundline temperatures. Damaging groundline temperature is related to ambient air temperature, groundline insolation, soil moisture, and the color of the soil surface. | |
| 4824074 | Botryosphaeria canker | Botryosphaeria dothidea | Infected seedlings with dark fruiting bodies on lower stem/root-collar (three seedlings on right), uninfected (three seedlings on left). |
| 4824075 | Botryosphaeria canker | Botryosphaeria dothidea | On surface of lower stem/root-collar. |
| 4824076 | Fusarium wilts, blights, rots and damping-off | Fusarium spp. | Affects lateral (feeder) and tap roots. Tap root may exhibit varying degrees of resin soaking. |
| 4824077 | Fusarium wilts, blights, rots and damping-off | Fusarium spp. | Affects lateral (feeder) and tap roots. Tap root may exhibit varying degrees of resin soaking. |
| 4824078 | pitch canker | Fusarium subglutinans | Symptomatic wilting of terminal of an infected seedling. |
| 4824079 | pitch canker | Fusarium subglutinans | Terminal wilting and dicoloration of infected seedlings. |
| 4824080 | pitch canker | Fusarium subglutinans | Basal swelling at root collar. |
| 4824081 | pitch canker | Fusarium subglutinans | Resinosus of root/stem tissues of infected seedling. |
| 4824082 | Phytophthora root and crown rots | Phytophthora spp. | Infected roots growing in poorly drained nursery beds. |
| 4824083 | false tinder polypore | Phellinus igniarius | And Pythium root disease on seedlings grown in poorly drained nursery beds. |
| 4824084 | Cylindrocladium root diseases | Cylindrocladium spp. | Black microsclerotia fruiting bodies on the roots of infected seedlings. |
| 4824085 | Cylindrocladium root diseases | Cylindrocladium spp. | Black microsclerotia fruiting bodies on the roots of infected seedlings. |
| 4824086 | Pythium diseases | Pythium spp. | Scorched leaves of infected seedlings. |
| 4824087 | charcoal rot | Macrophomina phaseolina | Marginal leaf necrosis. |
| 4824088 | root-knot nematode | Meloidogyne incognita | Galls on roots of parasitized seedling. |
| 4824089 | pine tip blight | Tip Blight caused by a variety of fungi: Fusarium spp., Lasiodiplodia (Diplodia) spp., Macrophomina phaseolina. Occurs when shoot tips are succlent and rapidly growing. "Blighted" seedlings often recover. | |
| 4824090 | pine tip blight | Tip Blight caused by a variety of fungi: Fusarium spp., Lasiodiplodia (Diplodia) spp., Macrophomina phaseolina. Occurs when shoot tips are succlent and rapidly growing. "Blighted" seedlings often recover. | |
| 4824091 | pine tip blight | Tip Blight caused by a variety of fungi: Fusarium spp., Lasiodiplodia (Diplodia) spp., Macrophomina phaseolina. Occurs when shoot tips are succlent and rapidly growing. "Blighted" seedlings often recover. | |
| 4824092 | southern blight | Sclerotium rolfsii | Infected seedlings. |
| 4824093 | southern blight | Sclerotium rolfsii | Infected seedlings. |
| 4824094 | southern blight | Sclerotium rolfsii | At base of foliage. |
| 4824095 | southern blight | Sclerotium rolfsii | Discolored foliage of infected seedlings. |
| 4824096 | grand eucalyptus | Eucalyptus grandis | 8-year old in south Florida, USA. |
| 4824097 | lignotubers | Food storage and regeneration organs appear as swellings at the base/root-collar of shoots. Lignotubers orginate from accessory meristematic tissue and/or buds in the axils of the cotyledons or the first few seedling leaves. | |
| 4824098 | lignotubers | Food storage and regeneration organs appear as swellings at the base/root-collar of shoots. Lignotubers orginate from accessory meristematic tissue and/or buds in the axils of the cotyledons or the first few seedling leaves. | |
| 4824099 | Cylindrocladium blight and root rot | Cylindrocladium scoparium | Healthy seedlings (see image 4824100) |
| 4824100 | Cylindrocladium blight and root rot | Cylindrocladium scoparium | Girdling stem canker on infected seedlings. (see image 4824099). |
| 4825001 | Cylindrocladium blight and root rot | Cylindrocladium scoparium | Profuse conidial sporulation on severely infeced seedling stem. |
| 4825002 | Cylindrocladium blight and root rot | Cylindrocladium scoparium | High humidity conditions and dense seedling spacing results in poor air movement and drying beneath seedling foliage which can increase chance of infection. |
| 4825003 | heat | Heat lesions girdling lower stem. Note swelling of stem above lesions resulting from obstructed flow of carbohydrates through damaged phloem. | |
| 4825004 | Cylindrocladium blight and root rot | Cylindrocladium scoparium | High humidity conditions and dense seedling spacing results in poor air movement and drying beneath seedling foliage which can increase chance of infection. |
| 4825005 | Cylindrocladium blight and root rot | Cylindrocladium scoparium | High humidity conditions and dense seedling spacing results in poor air movement and drying beneath seedling foliage which can increase chance of infection.on |
| 4825006 | eucalyptus canker | Cryphonectria cubensis | Healthy stem, contrast to infected stem (image 4825007). |
| 4825007 | eucalyptus canker | Cryphonectria cubensis | Bark fissures starting at base of infected tree. Compare with healkthy stem (image 4825006). C. cubensis inhibits coppice ability of infected trees. |
| 4825008 | eucalyptus canker | Cryphonectria cubensis | Initial infection beneath bark. |
| 4825009 | eucalyptus canker | Cryphonectria cubensis | Advanced bark fissuring from infection which reduces coppice ability. |
| 4825010 | eucalyptus canker | Cryphonectria cubensis | Bark fissuring as canker develops which reduces coppice ability. |
| 4825011 | eucalyptus canker | Cryphonectria cubensis | Advanced canker development. |
| 4825012 | eucalyptus canker | Cryphonectria cubensis | Perithecia embedded in and protruding from bark removed from cankered tissues. |
| 4825013 | eucalyptus canker | Cryphonectria cubensis | Failure of 2-year old coppice shoots on infected stump. |
| 4825014 | eucalyptus canker | Cryphonectria cubensis | Infected stump with dying coppice shoots. |
| 4825015 | eucalyptus canker | Cryphonectria cubensis | Bark fissures on mature tree. |
| 4825016 | eucalyptus canker | Cryphonectria cubensis | Bark fissures on infected trunk. |
| 4825017 | eucalyptus canker | Cryphonectria cubensis | Pycnidial stroma on bark surface. |
| 4825018 | eucalyptus canker | Cryphonectria cubensis | Pycnidial stroma on bark. |
| 4825019 | Schweinitzii root and butt disease | Phaeolus schweinitzii | Sporophore from infected root (note yellow-brown to reddish brown decayed root tissue) of old-growth tree. |
| 4825020 | annosum root disease | Heterobasidion annosum | Conk - Smooth white to cream-colored lower surface (top), brown upper surface with enclosed pine needles (bottom). |
| 4825021 | devil's gut | Cassytha filiformis | A parasitic vine which will penetrate into the stems of the host plant. |
| 4825022 | devil's gut | Cassytha filiformis | A parasitic vine which penetrates into the stem of the host plant. |
| 4825023 | lichen | Foliose or leafy form (Parmelia spp.), and fruticose or shrubby form (Usnea spp.) on bark. | |
| 4825024 | Spanish moss | Tillandsia usneoides | A common epiphyte with hangs or drapes branches. |
| 4825025 | small ballmoss | Tillandsia recurvata | An epiphyte which occurs in ball-like clusters. |
| 4825026 | resurrection fern | Pleopeltis polypodioides | An epiphyte using tree branches for support. |
| 4825027 | Neonectria canker | Neonectria galligena | Hypertrophied bark in crown. |
| 4825028 | Neonectria canker | Neonectria galligena | rough bark at root collar. |
| 4825029 | Neonectria canker | Neonectria galligena | Perithecia on bark. |
| 4825030 | Leptographium root disease | Leptographium procerum | Resin-soaking/staining root. Associated with insect injury |
| 4825031 | Leptographium root disease | Leptographium procerum | Relationship between fire intensity and colonization of pine roots by regeneration weevils and L. spp. infection. |
| 4825032 | devil's gut | Cassytha filiformis | A parasitic vine which penetrates into the stems of the host plant. |
| 4825033 | devil's gut | Cassytha filiformis | close-up vine |
